Drawing Primarily: Creighton Michael
 a brief and annotated history of my relationship with drawing

Part 4 A
exploring the digital landscape 


In the mid 1970’s, my association with video was ½” reel to reel, which my professor, Howard Jones, and I used mostly to document artist and their work for an information exchange between art schools and departments across the country. Known as The Video Dialogue Network, it would become obsolete with the expansion of the internet. Thirty years later, I would revisit video as a tool for documentation, but this time it would be my drawing activity that would be used to add historical context as an integral part of my developing work. Through this process, I began to see distinct components of drawing, one of which is a marking episode or “doodle”. Later in a sculpture series like Rhapsody these “episodes”  would be seen as individual marking units that could be used to construct a drawing. Video’s purpose would shift from simply documenting process to becoming a lighting source containing an historical context of my previous activity as well as opening new pathways for exploration.

Howard Jones and I filming the work of Jon Palmer, a California sculptor, who in 1977, was a visiting artist at Washington University in St. Louis.


With the guidance of Paninat Roper, one of the interns that stayed and became my studio assistant, I returned to video, which had changed from analog to digital. This time I was documenting my marking activity, which would lead to using other digital devices such as a scanner. Quickly, I learned that a scanner could capture not only current marking activity, but also past episodes as well. This opened to new directions for self-discovery, expanding my practice in ways never imaged.

By 2010, my exploration of drawing through and by digital means would follow varied but related routes shown either in video, or as drawing panels, or prints.


The first series of in this new category called digital drawing was Tapestry, developed by coalescing various marking episodes from different moments and disciplines within my practice into a single image. Former etching plates, 35mm slides of analog drawings, video stills capturing marking activity, and patterns produced by digitally redrawing and erasing documented three-dimensional work, combine to create a new direction in my practice.  

Tapestry 3610, 2010. Archival pigment print, 18 x 24”.

Tapestry 4810, 2010. Archival pigment print, 14 x 10”.

Tapestry 1710, 2010. Archival pigment print, 20 x 16”.


Capturing sequential gestures produced the imagery in both the Orchid and Reverie series of digital drawings. Remnants from my current sculpture practice, such graphite coated rope segments and dried acrylic puddles were used as drawing tools. Instead of implying movement, the arrested action suggests a moment of fragile solitude.

Orchid 9911 A.P., 2011. Archival carbon pigment print, 36 x 26” image size on 40 x 30”.

Reverie 8611 A.P., 2011. Archival carbon pigment print, 36 x 26” image size on 40 x 30”. Private collection, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Orchid 11111 A.P., 2011. Archival carbon pigment print, 36 x 26” image size on 40 x 30”.


Three other series that used a motion capture process with debris from my sculpture practice as drawing tools were Phantasm, Idiom and Lace. They along with other explorations in digital drawing produced as prints on paper or plexiglass continues in “part four-b: exploring the digital landscape” 

Idiom 311 A.P., 2011. Archival carbon pigment print, 18 x 50” image size on 22 x 54”.


Captured on video, the redistribution of marking episodes are interpreted as an act of drawing.

Black Tapestry, 2010. Video stills. Paninat Roper, camera and editor.

Initially video was used to capture and record marking activity. It was subsequently employed as the lighting source for the installations such as Filament and Drawing Curtain. Realizing its potential for the further exploration of marking systems including those which incorporate sound, I produced two drawing videos, Shadows Trilogy and Double Dutch: The Wedding Feast


An interaction between light and line, Filament combines the sequenced light simulations of Bill FitzGibbons with Creighton Michael’s fiber drawing creating an environment, in which the viewer encounters the tangible nature and intimacy of drawing. As the primary light source, a collaged video of both artists captured in various drawing activities, Filament fuses the viewer’s participation in real time with the artists’ historical marking pursuits.

Filament: The Work of Bill FitzGibbons and Creighton Michael, 2010. Installation view with two perspectives. Ewing Gallery, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.


Drawing Curtain, 2011. Charcoal- and paper-coated rope with wire connections and video-projected lighting, 95 x 88 x 24”. Gallery 817, University of the Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Drawing Curtain, 2011. Charcoal- and paper-coated rope with wire connections and video-projected lighting, 95 x 88 x 24”. Gallery 817, University of the Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Tapestry * was created with a patchwork of video stills from Filament** and became the lighting source for The Drawing Curtain. The flickering shadows from the video projection animate the space while  suggesting a metamorphic time lapse.


ShadowsTrilogy, was a two-year remote collaboration with a graphic artist and two animators. The piece reveals the limitations of communication, which leads to a sense of isolation often followed by despair. In ShadowsSpeak, one hears someone typing repeatedly; Can you see what I am saying? as the shadows of someone signing the words, Can you hear what I am saying? The typewriter’s cadence paired with the rhythmic passing of shadows further helps in creating a space that is as curious as it is anxiety provoking.

 Shadows Trilogy (Shadows Speak, Shadows Weave, Shadows Past), 2014. Sarah Campbell, Production Manager; animators: Mitchell Williamson and Yan Zhang. Premier screening at the Ho Tung Visualization Lab, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York.


DOUBLE DUTCH: The Wedding Feast video still selection

Double Dutch: The Wedding Feast, 2015. Stills. Jennifer Macdonald, hand-drawn animation and editor; David Biedenbender, composer (original musical score). Premiered at the Allentown Art Museum exhibition PAST/PRESENT: Conversations Across Time, February 22–May 17, 2015. Collection: Allentown Art Museum.


Transdimensional Motifs is a category of digital patterns used in my practice to add context, dimension, and history. Morphic patterns occur by digitally redrawing images of current and previous work from several disciplines with varying degrees of visual connection. Produced by accident, corrupted image patterns happened when I used an obsolete application to open a raw image file. Instead of an image, the application generated a barcode like pattern, which I interpreted as the computer’s “drawing” equivalent to an image. Known later by its abbreviation c.i.p., these algorithmic like patterns would not only expand my marking vocabulary but also give additional definition and associations to my work.

Examples of morphic patterns


Examples of corrupted image patterns or c.i.p.


By using a combination of deferred and direct marking episodes within a single work, Backchannel begins to expand my visual language. Adding digital transfer* as collage to my process, these drawing panels become an album of personal marking history with residue from my sculpture process and motifs digitally distilled from earlier three–dimensional drawing installations. Backchannel, while employing much of the conceptual and tangible information acquired from earlier explorations within drawing’s jurisdiction, continues to pursue novel pathways of discovery with unique mixtures of analog and digital techniques. 

Backchannel 111, 2011. Layered glue and acrylic with digital transfer on panels, 48 x 24”.

Backchannel 211, 2011. Layered glue and acrylic with digital transfer on panels, 48 x 24”.

Backchannel 411, 2011. Layered glue and acrylic with digital transfer on panels, 48 x 30”.

Backchannel 811, 2011. Layered glue and acrylic with digital transfer on panels, 48 x 24”.

In the summer of 2003, I met Patti Brady while teaching acrylic painting at the Anderson Ranch Art Center in Colorado. A few years later, her book Rethinking Acrylic: Radical Solutions for Exploiting the World’s Most Versatile Medium, with its information on “image transfers,” opened exciting new approaches for mark-making, including the ability to combine marking episodes from various time periods, creating new contexts for interpretation.